The synthesis of novel nanomaterials can be achieved through various methods:
1. Top-Down Approaches: Techniques like lithography and milling break down larger materials into nanoscale structures.
2. Bottom-Up Approaches: Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), sol-gel processes, and self-assembly build up nanomaterials from atomic or molecular precursors.
3. Green Synthesis: Utilizing biological organisms or environmentally friendly processes to synthesize nanomaterials, reducing toxic byproducts.
