There are several methods to apply nanostructured TBCs, including: - Thermal Spray Techniques: These involve spraying molten or semi-molten materials onto a substrate to form a coating. - Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD): This method uses an electron beam to vaporize coating materials, which then condense on the substrate. - Sol-Gel Processing: A chemical solution process that produces nanostructured materials through a series of hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions.
