Studying nanoscale interactions requires advanced tools and techniques due to the minuscule size of the materials involved. Common methods include:
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): A type of scanning probe microscopy that measures the force between a sharp probe and the sample surface at the nanoscale. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM): A technique that provides atomic-level imaging of surfaces using the quantum tunneling phenomenon. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): Uses electrons to visualize the fine details of nanostructures, offering high-resolution imaging. X-ray Diffraction (XRD): Helps determine the crystal structure of nanomaterials by analyzing the pattern of X-rays diffracted by the material. Spectroscopy: Various spectroscopic methods, such as Raman and UV-Vis, are used to study the electronic and vibrational states of nanomaterials.
