Nanofilms can be fabricated using several techniques, each suited for different materials and applications. Some common methods include:
Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD): A process where materials are vaporized in a vacuum and condensed onto a substrate to form a thin film. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): Involves chemical reactions that deposit a material from a gas onto a substrate. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD): A precise technique that deposits monolayers of material in a sequential manner. Spin Coating: A process where a liquid solution is spread onto a substrate by spinning it at high speeds. Langmuir-Blodgett Technique: Transfers a monolayer or multilayer of material from a liquid surface onto a solid substrate.
