Microchannels can be fabricated using several techniques, including photolithography, soft lithography, and micromachining. Photolithography involves using light to transfer a geometric pattern from a photomask to a light-sensitive chemical photoresist on the substrate. Soft lithography involves techniques such as micro-molding and micro-contact printing to create patterns on soft materials like polymers. Micromachining, on the other hand, employs mechanical means to carve out structures on various substrates.
