Several methods exist for the synthesis of hybrid nanostructures, including:
1. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): This technique involves the chemical reactions of gaseous precursors on a heated substrate to form a thin film. 2. Sol-Gel Process: A versatile method that involves the transition of a system from a liquid "sol" into a solid "gel" phase. 3. Layer-by-Layer Assembly: A method where different layers of materials are deposited sequentially to build a composite structure. 4. Electrochemical Deposition: Using electric current to reduce metal ions from a solution to form a thin film on a conductive surface.