Achieving high vacuum levels typically involves a combination of different pumps, such as:
1. Rotary Vane Pumps: Used for initial rough pumping to reduce the pressure to a medium vacuum range. 2. Turbomolecular Pumps: Utilized for further reducing the pressure to high and ultra-high vacuum levels. 3. Ion Pumps: Employed to maintain ultra-high vacuum levels by ionizing and trapping residual gas molecules.
