There are several methods used to detect analytes at the nanoscale, including:
Biosensors: These are analytical devices that combine a biological component with a physicochemical detector. For example, glucose sensors use enzymes as the biological component to detect glucose levels in blood. Nanoparticles: Metallic nanoparticles like gold and silver can be functionalized with specific ligands to recognize and bind to analytes. This binding can cause changes in the optical properties of the nanoparticles, which can be measured. Fluorescence-based Techniques: Quantum dots and other fluorescent nanomaterials can be used to tag analytes. When excited by light, these materials emit fluorescence, which can be detected and measured.
