Extinction Cross section - Nanotechnology

What is Extinction Cross Section?

The extinction cross section is a key parameter in nanotechnology that describes the interaction of nanomaterials with light. It quantifies the total loss of light intensity as a result of both absorption and scattering by nanoparticles. This concept is crucial for understanding and designing materials for applications such as sensors, photovoltaic cells, and plasmonics.

How is it Calculated?

The extinction cross section (σext) is given by the sum of the absorption cross section (σabs) and the scattering cross section (σsca):

σext = σabs + σsca

This equation shows that the extinction cross section is a measure of how much light is removed from the incident beam due to both absorption and scattering by the nanoparticle.

Why is it Important in Nanotechnology?

In nanotechnology, controlling light-matter interactions at the nanoscale is essential. The extinction cross section helps in designing nanoparticles with specific optical properties. For instance, in plasmonic nanoparticles, optimizing the extinction cross section can enhance the efficiency of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and improve the sensitivity of biosensors.

What Factors Influence the Extinction Cross Section?

Several factors impact the extinction cross section of nanoparticles:

Size of nanoparticles: Larger particles typically have higher scattering cross sections.
Shape of nanoparticles: The geometry of the particle can influence both scattering and absorption.
Material composition: Different materials will have different intrinsic absorption and scattering properties.
Wavelength of incident light: The extinction cross section is wavelength-dependent, especially near resonance conditions.

Applications

The extinction cross section is utilized in various applications:

Medical imaging: Enhanced contrast in techniques like optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Photothermal therapy: High absorption cross sections in gold nanoparticles can be used to destroy cancer cells.
Solar cells: Improved light harvesting in thin-film solar cells by optimizing nanoparticle design.
Environmental monitoring: Detection of pollutants using nanoparticles with specific extinction properties.

Challenges and Future Directions

While the extinction cross section is a powerful concept, there are challenges in accurately measuring and predicting it for complex nanostructures. Advances in computational modeling and experimental techniques are crucial for overcoming these challenges. Future research may focus on multi-functional nanoparticles that can dynamically change their extinction properties for adaptive applications in nanomedicine and smart materials.

Relevant Publications

Impact of supporting nanometric membranes on the thermo-optical dynamics of individual plasmonic nanodisks.

Issue Release: 2024

Measurements of particle extinction coefficients at 1064 nm with lidar: temperature dependence of rotational Raman channels.

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A customizable digital holographic microscope.

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Gold Nanoparticles Modulate Excimer and Exciplex Dynamics of PDDCP-Conjugated Polymers.

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Experimental Investigation of the Thermal Emission Cross Section of Nanoresonators Using Hierarchical Poisson-Disk Distributions.

Issue Release: 2024

Measuring spectral extinction with digital holography.

Issue Release: 2024

Relations between near-field enhancements and Purcell factors in hybrid nanostructures of plasmonic antennas and dielectric cavities.

Issue Release: 2024

Dipole-multipole plasmonic coupling between gold nanorods and titanium nitride nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal conversion.

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Gold/cobalt ferrite nanocomposite as a potential agent for photothermal therapy.

Issue Release: 2024

Investigation of Thermal and Spectroscopic Properties of Tellurite-Based Glasses Doped with Rare-Earth Oxides for Infrared Solid-State Lasers.

Issue Release: 2024

Antiresonant fiber structures based on swarm intelligence design.

Issue Release: 2023

Are shark teeth proxies for functional traits? A framework to infer ecology from the fossil record.

Issue Release: 2023

Spatially resolved measurement of the distribution of solid and liquid Si nanoparticles in plasma synthesis through line-of-sight extinction spectroscopy.

Issue Release: 2023

Design of the Bimodal Grating Sensor with a Built-In Mode Demultiplexer.

Issue Release: 2023

Effects of Cascading Optical Processes: Part I: Impacts on Quantification of Sample Scattering Extinction, Intensity, and Depolarization.

Issue Release: 2023

Aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with trans-resveratrol in aqueous solution.

Issue Release: 2023

Quantification of particle number concentration in liposomal suspensions by Laser Transmission Spectroscopy (LTS).

Issue Release: 2023

Toward a better understanding of microalgal photosynthesis in medium polluted with microplastics: a study of the radiative properties of microplastic particles.

Issue Release: 2023

Light scattering of a uniform uniaxial anisotropic sphere by an on-axis high-order Bessel vortex beam.

Issue Release: 2023

WO Thin-Film Optical Gas Sensors Based on Gasochromic Effect towards Low Hydrogen Concentrations.

Issue Release: 2023

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