One of the major advantages of non-viral nanoparticles over viral vectors is their safety profile. Viral vectors can trigger immune responses and have potential for recombination, leading to unintended consequences. Non-viral nanoparticles can be engineered to be biocompatible and non-immunogenic, reducing the risk of adverse reactions. Additionally, they offer greater flexibility in terms of functionalization and targeting capabilities, allowing for more precise delivery of therapeutic agents.