1.
Health Risks: Nanoparticles can penetrate biological membranes, potentially leading to
cytotoxicity, inflammation, or other adverse health effects. For example, inhaled nanoparticles can reach the lungs and enter the bloodstream, causing systemic effects.
2.
Environmental Impact: Nanomaterials can accumulate in the environment, affecting ecosystems. Waterborne nanoparticles can be ingested by aquatic organisms, potentially entering the food chain.
3.
Regulatory Challenges: The rapid development of nanotechnology often outpaces the establishment of regulatory frameworks, leading to gaps in safety and efficacy assessments.
4.
Ethical Issues: The use of nanotechnology in surveillance, military applications, or enhancement of humans raises ethical questions about privacy, security, and equity.
