Several factors contribute to the unpredictable nature of nanomaterials. Firstly, the increased surface area to volume ratio of nanoparticles leads to a higher proportion of atoms being exposed on the surface, which can result in enhanced reactivity. Secondly, quantum effects become significant at the nanoscale, affecting the electronic properties of materials. Thirdly, the interactions between nanoparticles and their surrounding environment, including other particles, can be complex and not fully understood.
