quantum confined effect

Why Does Quantum Confinement Occur?

Quantum confinement occurs because as the size of the material approaches the nanometer scale, the number of available energy states becomes limited. This limitation forces the energy levels to become discrete rather than continuous. For example, in a bulk material, electrons can occupy any energy level within a band. However, in nanoscale materials, the confinement leads to discrete energy levels, similar to those observed in atoms.

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