vacuum conditions

What Types of Vacuum Levels are Used?

There are different levels of vacuum used in nanotechnology, each serving a specific purpose:
Low Vacuum: Typically in the range of 25 to 1 Torr. Used in less sensitive processes.
High Vacuum: Ranges from 10-3 to 10-7 Torr. Commonly used in SEM and other electron microscopy techniques.
Ultra-High Vacuum: Below 10-7 Torr. Necessary for processes like molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and other thin-film deposition techniques.

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