Several types of nanoparticles are commonly researched for their effects on microbes, including: - Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs): Known for their antimicrobial properties. - Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs): Often used in medical applications. - Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs): Employed in various industrial products. - Carbon-based nanoparticles: Such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.