What Techniques are Used to Study the Valence Band in Nanomaterials?
Several advanced techniques are employed to study the valence band in nanomaterials:
- Photoelectron spectroscopy is used to measure the energy distribution of electrons ejected from the valence band. - Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) allows for the visualization of electronic states in the valence band at atomic resolution. - X-ray absorption spectroscopy provides information about the unoccupied states above the valence band and can give insights into electronic structure.
