What Techniques are Used to Measure Electrostatic Charge at the Nanoscale?
Several advanced techniques are employed to measure and manipulate electrostatic charge at the nanoscale:
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): This technique can measure surface potential and map the distribution of charges on nanoparticle surfaces. Electrostatic Force Microscopy (EFM): A variation of AFM, EFM specifically detects electrostatic forces, providing detailed charge distribution data. Zeta Potential Analysis: This method measures the potential difference between the dispersion medium and the stationary layer of fluid attached to the dispersed particle, providing insights into the stability of colloidal systems.
