Several techniques are employed to achieve size reduction, including:
Mechanical Milling: This involves grinding bulk materials into finer particles using high-energy ball mills. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): A process where gases react on a substrate to form nanomaterials layer-by-layer. Laser Ablation: Using high-powered lasers to vaporize material and form nanoparticles. Sol-Gel Process: A chemical method where a colloidal solution (sol) forms a gel-like network containing both liquid and solid phases.
