What Techniques are Used for Material Identification?
Several sophisticated techniques are employed to identify and characterize nanomaterials:
1. X-ray Diffraction (XRD): XRD is used to determine the crystalline structure of materials. It provides information on the lattice parameters and phase composition. 2. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): TEM allows for imaging at atomic resolution, which helps in understanding the morphology and crystalline structure. 3. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): SEM provides surface morphology and topography information. 4. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): AFM is used to measure surface roughness and mechanical properties at the nanoscale. 5. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX): Often coupled with SEM or TEM, EDX provides elemental composition information.
