Several techniques are employed to manipulate individual atoms and molecules:
- Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM): STM allows for the visualization and manipulation of individual atoms on surfaces. By using a sharp tip that scans the surface at a close distance, it can move atoms to desired locations.
- Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): AFM uses a cantilever with a sharp tip to interact with the surface of a material. It can manipulate atoms and molecules by applying precise forces.
- Optical Tweezers: This technique uses highly focused laser beams to trap and move microscopic particles, including individual molecules.
- Chemical Synthesis: Chemical methods can be used to create molecules with specific structures, which can then be assembled into larger nanoscale structures.
