Functionalization is the process of modifying the surface of nanomaterials to enhance their properties and make them suitable for specific applications. Optimized functionalization pathways can improve the compatibility of nanomaterials with biological systems, increase their stability, and enable targeted drug delivery. Techniques such as click chemistry, self-assembly, and ligand exchange are commonly used for this purpose. By optimizing these processes, researchers can develop nanomaterials with tailored properties that meet the specific requirements of various applications.
