A variety of materials can be used to create 3D nanostructured electrodes, including carbon-based materials like graphene and carbon nanotubes, metal oxides such as TiO2 and MnO2, and conducting polymers like polyaniline and polypyrrole. Each material offers unique advantages. For instance, carbon-based materials are known for their excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, while metal oxides are often chosen for their high specific capacity and stability.
