The complexity of nanomaterials arises from several factors:
Size-Dependent Properties: The physical, chemical, and electronic properties of materials change at the nanoscale. For instance, quantum dots exhibit size-dependent optical properties. Surface Effects: A higher surface-to-volume ratio results in increased surface energy and reactivity. This can enhance catalytic activity but also poses challenges in terms of stability and aggregation. Quantum Effects: At the nanoscale, quantum mechanical effects become significant, influencing properties such as electrical conductivity and magnetism. Interfacial Interactions: The performance of nanomaterials in composites or devices often depends on the interaction between the nanomaterial and its surrounding matrix.
