The cost of nanotechnology can vary widely depending on the specific application, the complexity of the materials, and the scale of production. For instance, developing a new nanoparticle-based drug delivery system can be highly expensive, often running into millions of dollars due to the need for extensive research, clinical trials, and regulatory approval. On the other hand, simpler applications like enhancing the properties of materials (e.g., making textiles more durable) can be relatively affordable.