- Surface Roughness: Nanostructured surfaces often exhibit enhanced hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity due to roughness at the nanoscale. - Surface Chemistry: The chemical composition of the surface can alter its wettability. For instance, surfaces treated with self-assembled monolayers of hydrophobic or hydrophilic molecules can significantly change the contact angle. - Environmental Conditions: Temperature and humidity can also affect the contact angle by altering the surface tension of the liquid.
