1. Complexity of Nanomaterials: The diverse and complex nature of nanomaterials makes standardization difficult. 2. Interdisciplinary Nature: Nanotechnology spans multiple scientific disciplines, complicating unified monitoring efforts. 3. Rapid Advancements: The fast pace of innovation can outstrip the ability of monitoring frameworks to keep up. 4. Funding and Resources: Adequate funding and resources are essential for maintaining effective monitoring systems. 5. Global Coordination: Coordinating monitoring efforts on a global scale presents logistical and regulatory challenges.