Antibodies: These proteins are capable of recognizing and binding to specific antigens with high affinity. They are widely used in immunoassays and biosensors. Enzymes: These biological catalysts can recognize specific substrates and are often used in enzymatic sensors. Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA sequences can be designed to recognize complementary sequences, making them useful in genetic detection. Aptamers: These are short, synthetic nucleic acid molecules that can bind to a variety of targets with high specificity. Cell Receptors: These proteins on cell surfaces can recognize specific hormones, neurotransmitters, and other molecules.
