Nanoscientists employ a variety of techniques to study and manipulate nanoscale materials, including:
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): A technique that uses focused beams of electrons to produce high-resolution images of surfaces. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): A type of microscopy that uses a mechanical probe to map the surface structure at the nanoscale. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): A microscopy technique that passes electrons through a sample to produce detailed images of internal structures. X-ray Diffraction (XRD): A method used to determine the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal by measuring the diffraction patterns of X-rays passing through the sample. Spectroscopy: Various techniques that involve the interaction of light with matter to analyze the composition and properties of materials.
