nano scale heat dissipation

What are the Mechanisms of Heat Transfer at the Nanoscale?

At the nanoscale, heat transfer primarily occurs through phonons and electrons. Phonons are quanta of lattice vibrations and play a significant role in heat conduction in non-metallic materials. Electrons, on the other hand, are the primary carriers of heat in metallic materials. The interaction between these carriers and the material's structure can significantly affect thermal conductivity.

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