What are the main types of microscopes used in Nanotechnology?
Several types of microscopes are commonly used in nanotechnology, each with unique capabilities:
Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM): SEMs use a focused beam of electrons to create high-resolution, three-dimensional images of surfaces. They are excellent for investigating surface morphology and composition. Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM): TEMs transmit electrons through a sample to produce detailed images of internal structures. They offer extremely high resolution, allowing scientists to view atomic arrangements. Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM): AFMs use a sharp probe to scan a surface, measuring forces between the probe and the surface to generate topographical maps. They are useful for studying surface properties at the nanoscale. Scanning Tunneling Microscopes (STM): STMs measure the tunneling current between a conductive tip and the sample to create atomic-scale images. They are particularly effective for imaging and manipulating individual atoms.
