Several factors can contribute to batch to batch variability in nanomaterials:
Raw Materials: Variations in the quality and composition of raw materials can lead to differences in the final product. Synthesis Conditions: Even small changes in temperature, pressure, or reaction time can result in different material characteristics. Equipment Variability: Differences in the performance of manufacturing equipment can also contribute to batch variability. Human Factors: Operator skill and precision can introduce variability, especially in manual or semi-automated processes.
