What are the Key Challenges in Technology Scaling?
As technology scales down to the nanometer level, several challenges arise:
Quantum effects: At the nanoscale, quantum mechanical phenomena such as tunneling and electron interference become significant, potentially impacting device performance. Heat dissipation: Increased density of components leads to greater heat generation, which can affect device reliability and performance. Manufacturing precision: Creating devices at the nanometer scale requires extremely precise fabrication techniques and equipment. Material limitations: Traditional materials like silicon may no longer be suitable for certain applications at the nanoscale, necessitating the exploration of new materials like graphene and carbon nanotubes.
