Despite the advancements in nanofabrication techniques, several challenges persist. These include:
1. Scalability: Many techniques that work well at the lab scale are difficult to scale for industrial production. 2. Cost: High-precision methods like EBL are expensive and time-consuming. 3. Defects: Ensuring defect-free nanostructures is crucial for their performance, especially in electronic applications. 4. Material Limitations: Not all materials can be easily manipulated at the nanoscale, limiting the range of possible applications.
