The small size and high reactivity of nanoparticles enable them to interact with biological systems at the cellular and molecular levels, potentially leading to health risks.
Inhalation and Respiratory Issues One of the primary routes of exposure is through inhalation. Nanoparticles can penetrate deep into the respiratory system, reaching the alveoli and entering the bloodstream. This can cause respiratory issues, including inflammation and lung damage.
Skin Absorption and Allergic Reactions Nanoparticles can also penetrate the skin, especially if they are incorporated into consumer products like cosmetics and sunscreens. This can lead to allergic reactions and other skin conditions.
Cellular and DNA Damage Studies have shown that certain nanoparticles can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress, leading to cellular and DNA damage. This can result in long-term health effects, including cancer.
