The health and safety concerns related to nanotechnology primarily revolve around the unknown effects of nanomaterials on human health. Due to their small size, nanoparticles can easily enter the human body through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Once inside, they may interact with biological systems in ways that are not yet fully understood. There is a need for rigorous toxicological studies to assess the potential risks and establish safety guidelines for handling nanomaterials.