Several heat treatment methods are commonly used in nanotechnology:
1. Annealing: This process involves heating the nanomaterials to a specific temperature and then cooling them slowly. Annealing can help to relieve internal stresses, improve crystallinity, and remove defects. 2. Calcination: This is the process of heating nanomaterials at high temperatures in the presence of air or oxygen. Calcination is often used to remove volatile substances and achieve desired chemical compositions. 3. Sintering: Sintering involves heating powdered nanomaterials below their melting point to facilitate particle bonding. This process is crucial for fabricating dense and strong nanostructured materials.
