Several fabrication techniques are commonly used in nanotechnology. These methods include:
Top-down approach: Techniques like lithography and etching to create nanoscale patterns. Bottom-up approach: Self-assembly and chemical vapor deposition for building structures atom by atom or molecule by molecule. Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE): A method for creating high-purity crystalline materials. Electrospinning: A technique to produce nanofibers from polymer solutions.
