design and fabrication

What are the Common Fabrication Methods?

Common methods include:
Top-Down Lithography: Techniques like photolithography and electron beam lithography etch away material to create nanostructures.
Bottom-Up Assembly: Techniques such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and self-assembly build structures atom by atom or molecule by molecule.
Nanoimprint Lithography: A mold imprints nanoscale patterns onto a substrate.
Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD): Deposits one atomic layer at a time for precise control over film thickness.

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