Despite the advancements, several challenges remain in join operations:
Precision: Achieving the precise control needed to assemble nanostructures at the atomic or molecular level is difficult and requires sophisticated tools and techniques. Scalability: Scaling up these operations from the laboratory to industrial production while maintaining quality and consistency is a significant challenge. Stability: Ensuring the long-term stability of the assembled nanostructures under various environmental conditions is crucial for their practical applications.
