topological states

What Are the Challenges in Engineering Topological States?


Despite their promising properties, several challenges exist in engineering topological states. These include:
Material synthesis: Achieving high-quality, defect-free samples is crucial for observing and utilizing topological states.
Temperature: Many topological phenomena occur at very low temperatures, making practical applications challenging.
Measurement and characterization: Advanced techniques such as scanning tunneling microscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy are required to study these states.

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