While MXenes hold great promise, there are several challenges that need to be addressed: - Scalable Synthesis: Developing scalable and cost-effective synthesis methods is crucial for the commercial application of MXenes. - Environmental and Health Risks: The use of strong acids in the synthesis process poses environmental and health risks, necessitating the development of safer and greener synthesis methods. - Stability: MXenes can be prone to oxidation and degradation, which can limit their long-term stability and performance in various applications.