What are the Challenges Associated with Impurities and Dopants?
While dopants and impurities can enhance material properties, they also pose challenges. Controlling the uniformity and distribution of dopants at the nanoscale is difficult, often leading to inhomogeneities that can affect performance. Similarly, unintended impurities can introduce defects that compromise the material's functionality. Advanced characterization techniques like scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are essential for understanding and controlling these factors.
