Recent innovations include the development of molecular motors and nanotube-based pumps. Molecular motors, inspired by natural biological motors like ATP synthase, can convert chemical energy into mechanical work at the nanoscale. Nanotube-based pumps, on the other hand, use the unique properties of carbon nanotubes to facilitate fluid movement. Additionally, bio-inspired designs are gaining traction, leveraging mechanisms observed in nature to develop more efficient and effective nano-pumps.
