Nanoscale dimensions refer to sizes within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). To put this into perspective, a nanometer is one billionth of a meter. For context, a human hair is approximately 80,000 to 100,000 nanometers wide. At these scales, materials begin to exhibit unique properties that differ significantly from their macroscale counterparts due to quantum mechanical effects and an increased surface area to volume ratio.
