Several materials have emerged as promising lead-free alternatives in nanotechnology:
1. Silver Nanoparticles - Known for their excellent electrical conductivity and antibacterial properties, silver nanoparticles are often used in lead-free solders. 2. Carbon Nanotubes - These exhibit extraordinary mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, making them suitable for a range of applications from electronics to nanocomposites. 3. Graphene - A single layer of carbon atoms, graphene has superior electrical and thermal conductivity and is being explored for use in various lead-free applications. 4. Bismuth-Based Compounds - Bismuth is less toxic than lead and is used in lead-free solders and other applications. 5. Tin-Silver-Copper (SAC) Alloys - These are widely used in the electronics industry as lead-free solder alternatives.
