The volume of a nanoparticle can be calculated using the formulas for the volume of simple geometric shapes. For example, for a spherical nanoparticle, the volume \(V\) can be calculated using the formula: \(V = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3\) where \(r\) is the radius of the sphere. For other shapes like cylinders and cubes, different formulas apply.
