Cell Culture: Cells are cultured in appropriate conditions and treated with various concentrations of nanomaterials. Treatment: After a specified incubation period, the cell culture medium is collected to measure the extracellular LDH activity. LDH Detection: The collected medium is mixed with a reaction mixture containing NADH and pyruvate. LDH catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, and the decrease in NADH absorbance is measured spectrophotometrically. Data Analysis: The extent of LDH release is quantified and compared to control groups to determine the cytotoxicity of the nanomaterials.
