Temperature control in nanosystems can be achieved through various techniques, including:
Thermal Sensors: These devices measure temperature changes at the nanoscale and provide feedback for regulation. Heaters and Coolers: Miniaturized heaters and coolers can be integrated into nanodevices to maintain desired temperatures. Thermoelectric Materials: These materials can convert electrical energy into heat and vice versa, providing precise temperature control. Microfluidic Systems: These systems use fluids at controlled temperatures to regulate the thermal environment of nanosystems.
