TEM is widely used in nanotechnology research for: - Characterizing Nanoparticles: Determining size, shape, and distribution of nanoparticles. - Studying Nanostructures: Investigating the internal structure of nanowires, nanotubes, and quantum dots. - Analyzing Defects: Identifying and understanding defects in crystalline materials. - Developing Nanomaterials: Aiding in the design and optimization of nanocomposites and other advanced materials.