Assessing systemic exposure involves various techniques:
Biomonitoring: Measuring nanoparticles or their byproducts in blood, urine, or tissues to estimate exposure levels. Pharmacokinetic Studies: Investigating the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of nanoparticles in biological systems. Modeling and Simulation: Using computational models to predict systemic exposure based on known properties of nanoparticles.
